List of nearest galaxies

What follows is a list of all known galaxies within 3.6 megaparsecs (11.7 million light-years) of Earth, in order of proximity to Earth (see caveat below).

3.6 Mpc was chosen as a cut off point because this is the distance approximately to the centers of the next two large galaxy groups - the M81 Group and the Centaurus A/M83 Group. This vast spherical region of space centered on the Earth is mostly empty but encompasses all 50 or so Local Group galaxies and the closer members of several nearby galaxy groups as well as a few isolated galaxies that do not appear to be part of any defined group.

'Caveat lector...'

To get a sense of perspective, all the 'nearby' items on this list are thousands or millions of light years away. In comparison, the Moon is about one light second away (roughly 0.000000032 or 3.2×10−8 light years) and the Sun about 8 light minutes away (roughly 0.000015 or 1.5×10−5 light years).

Contents

List

#   Galaxy Type Dist from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership		 Notes
Mly Mpc M m
  1 Milky Way SBbc    —    — -20.8 [1] n/a Local Group Home galaxy of Earth
  2 Canis Major Dwarf Irr 0.025[2] 0.008 -14.5 23.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
  3 Sagittarius Dwarf Sphr SagDEG dSph/E7 0.081 0.024[3] -12.67[3] 4.5[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (partial accretion by Milky Way)
  4 Ursa Major II Dwarf dSph 0.098 0.030 -4.2 14.3 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way)
   Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Irr/SB(s)m 0.163 0.050[3] -17.93[3] 0.9[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  5 Boötes Dwarf d Sph 0.197[4] 0.060 -5.8[5] 13.1 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  6 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC, NGC 292) SB(s)m pec 0.206 0.063[3] -16.35[3] 2.7[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  – Ursa Minor Dwarf dE4 0.206 0.063[3] -7.13[3] 11.9[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
  8 Draco Dwarf (DDO 208) dE0 pec 0.258 0.079[3] -8.74[3] 10.9[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way with a large amount of dark matter
* NGC 2419 Glob Clus 0.275 0.084 -9.5/-11 ? 9/10.4 ? Brightest remote MW globular cluster
  9 Sextans Dwarf Sph dSph 0.281 0.086[3] -7.98[3] 12[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 10 Sculptor Dwarf (E351-G30) dE3 0.287 0.088[3] -9.77[3] 10.1[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 11 Ursa Major I Dwarf (UMa I dSph) dSph 0.330 0.10[6] -6.75[6]  ? Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 — Carina Dwarf (E206-G220) dE3 0.330 0.10[3] -8.97[6] 11.3[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 13 Fornax Dwarf (E356-G04) dSPh/E2 0.46 0.14[1] -11.5[3] 9.28[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 14 Leo II Dwarf (Leo B, DDO 93) dE0 pec 0.701[7] 0.215 -9.23[3] 12.45[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 15 Leo I Dwarf (DDO 74) dE3 0.820[7] 0.25 -10.97[3] 11.18[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 16 Leo T Dwarf G[4] 1.370 0.42[8] 16[4] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way?
 17 Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy (P 6830) IAm 1.44 0.44 -10.22[3] 13.07[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 18 Barnard's Galaxy (NGC 6822) IB(s)m IV-V 1.630[7] 0.50 -15.22[3] 9.32[1] Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 * MGC1[9] Glob Clus 2 0.615 -9.2 Local Group Isolated cluster at ~200 kpc from M31
 19 NGC 185 dE3 pec 2.010 [10] 0.62 -14.76[3] 9.99[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 20 Andromeda II dE0 2.130 [10] 0.65 -9.33[3] 15.10[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 21 IC 10 (UGC 192) dIrr IV/BCD[4] 2.2 0.67 -15.57[3] 12.2[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 22 NGC 147 (DDO 3) dE5 pec 2.200[10] 0.68 -14.9[3] 10.36[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 23 ? Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69) IBm V 2.250[7] ? 0.80[11] ? -11.68[11] ? 12.92 Local Group Satellite of Milky Way
 24 IC 1613 (UGC 668) IAB(s)m V 2.350[7] 0.72 -14.51[3] 9.92[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 25 Andromeda I dE3 pec 2.430[10] 0.75 -10.87[3] 13.9[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 26 Andromeda III dE2 2.440[10] 0.75 -9.30[3] 15.20[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 27 Cetus Dwarf dSph/E4 2.460[10] 0.75 -10.18[3] 14.4[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 28 M32 (NGC 221) E2 2.480;[7] 0.76 -15.96[3] 8.73[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda
 29 Cassiopeia Dwarf (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII) dSph 2.490[10] 0.76 -11.67[3] 13.65[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 30 Andromeda IX dE 2.500[10] 0.77 -7.5[3]  ? Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 — LGS 3 dIrr/dSph 2.510[10] 0.77 -7.96[3] 16.18[1] Local Group Satellite of M33
 — Andromeda V dSph 2.52[10] 0.77 -8.41[3] 16.67[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 33 Pegasus Dwarf Sph (And VI) dSph 2.55[10] 0.78 -10.80[3] 14.05[1] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda[3]
 34 Andromeda VIII dSph[12] 2.56??  ?  ?  ? Local Group Tidally distorted dwarf close to Andromeda discovered 2003[12]
 — Andromeda Galaxy (M31) SA(s)b 2.56[10] 0.79 -21.58[3] 4.17[1] Local Group Largest Galaxy in the Local Group, with at least 19 satellite galaxies
 36 Triangulum Galaxy (M33) SAc 2.64 [10] 0.81 -18.87[3] 6.19[1] Local Group Most distant (difficult) naked eye object
 37 M110 (NGC 205) E6p 2.69 [10] 0.83 -16.15[3] 8.72[1] Local Group Close Satellite of Andromeda
 38 Andromeda XXI[13] 2.8 0.86 -9.9 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 38 Andromeda XXII[13] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 39 Tucana Dwarf dE5 2.87 0.88[3] -9.16 15.7[1] Local Group[3] Isolated group member - a 'primordial' galaxy[14]
 40 Andromeda X dSph[4] 2.90?? -8.1[15] 16.1[4] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda discovered 2006
 41 Pegasus Dwarf Irregular (DDO 216) dIrr/DSph[4] 3.00 [10] 0.92 -11.47[3] 13.21[4] Local Group Satellite of Andromeda
 42 Andromeda XIX [16] 3.04 0.933 -9.3 Local Group Satellite of Andromeda, spread over 1.7 kpc
 43 Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) Ib(s)m[4] 3.16 0.97[11] -14.06[11] 11.03[4] Local Group Isolated member at the edge of the local group
 44 Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (SagDIG) IB(s)m V[4] 3.39 1.04[3] -11.49 15.5 Local Group[1] Isolated group member
 45 Aquarius Dwarf Galaxy (DDO 210) Im V 3.49 [10] 1.07 / 0.94[11] -11.09[11] 14.0[4] Local Group Isolated group member
46 UGC 4879 (VV124)[17] 3.59 1.1 -11.5[11] Local Group
 48 Antlia Dwarf dE3.5[4] 4.08 1.25[11] -9.63[11] 16.19[1] Local Group May have interacted with NGC 3109[18]
 47 NGC 3109 SB(s)m 4.24 1.30[18] -15.68[1] 10.39[1] Local Group
 — Sextans A (UGCA 205, DDO 75) IBm[4] 4.31[19] 1.32 -13.95[3] 11.86[4] Local Group[1] Isolated group member
 50 Andromeda XVIII [16] 4.42 1.355 <-9.7 Local Group
 51 Sextans B (UGC 5373) IM IV-V[4] 4.7 1.44[11] -14.08[11] 11.85[4] Local Group[1]
 53 KKh 060 Ir 4.89 1.5[1] 18B[4]
 — KUG 1210+301B (KK98 127) S.. 4.89 1.5[1] 15.7[4] between LG and M94 Pair?
 52 HIZSS 003  ? 5.5 1.69[11] −12.60[11] 18B[4] Far below the SG plane Hidden by the Milky Way
 57 KKR 25 Ir 6.07 1.86[1] -9.94[11] 17.0[4] Local Group[3]
 — ESO 410-G005 E3[4] 6.33 1.94[11] -11.60[11] 14.85[4] NGC 55 & 300
 59 ESO 294-010 dS0/Im[4] 6.26 [20] 1.96[11] -10.95[11] 15.6[4] NGC 55 & 300
 60 IC 5152 IA(s)m[4] 6.42 1.97[11] -15.56[11] 11.06[4] NGC 55 & 300 ? Remotely on the side of NGC 55
 61 GR 8 (DDO 155) ImV[4] 6.95 2.13[11] -12.14[11] 14.65[4] Inner edge of M94 Group "footprint galaxy"
 58 KKR 03 (KK98 230) dwarf Irr 6.98 2.14[11] -9.8 17.90[4] Inner edge of M94 Group
 62 NGC 300 SA(s)d[4] 7.01 2.15[20] -17.92[1] 8.95[4] Inner edge of Sculptor group forms pair with NGC 55
 63 NGC 55 SB(s)m: sp[4] 7.08 2.17[11] -18.47 [11] 8.84[1] Inner edge of Sculptor group Forms pair with NGC 300
 64 UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018) IB(s)m pec:[4] 7.24 2.22[11] -12.92[11] 13.86[1] NGC 55 & 300
 68 UGC 09128 (DDO 187) ImIV-V 7.3 2.24[11] -12.47[11] 14.38[4] Inner edge of M94 Group
 65 IC 3104 IB(s)m 7.40 2.27[1] -14.85[11] 13.63[4] On the way to Circinus galaxy
 59 IC 4662 (ESO 102- G 014) IBm 7.96 2.44[11] -15.56[11] 11.74[4] On the way to Circinus galaxy
 67 KKh 98 Irr 7.99 2.45[1] -10.78[1] 16.7[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 ?? UGC 8508 (I Zw 060) IAm 8.35 [21]? 2.69[11]? -13.09[11] 14.40[4] M94 Group
 71 KKh 086 Ir 8.51 2.60[11] -10.30[11] 16.8[4] Isolated (M94/Cent A)
 72 DDO 99 (UGC 06817) Im 8.61 2.64[1] - 3.9[4] −13.52[11] 13.4[4] M94 Group
 69 UGC 07577 (DDO 125) Im 8.94 2.74[11] −14.32[11] 12.84[4] M94 Group
 74 UGC 9240 (DDO 190) IAm 9.10 2.80[11] -14.19[11] 13.25[4] M94 Group
 — Circinus (ESO 097-13) SA(s)b 9.13 2.8[1] - 4[22] 12.1[4] Centaurus A Group Active galaxy, obscured by Milky Way
 — Dwingeloo 1 SB(s)cd 9.13 2.8[1] -18.78 19.8[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — Maffei 2 SAB(rs)bc 9.13 2.8[1] -20.15[3] 14.77[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 79 UGCA 276 (DDO 113) Im 9.32 2.86[1] 15.40[4] M94 Group
 80 NGC 4214 (UGC 07278) IAB(s)m 9.58 2.94[1] 10.24[4] M94 Group Starburst galaxy
 73 UGCA 86 SAB(s)m[23] 9.65 2.96[24] 13.5[4] IC 342/Maffei Group[23]
NGC 4163 9.65 2.96[24] 14.5[4] M94 Group
 81 Dwingeloo 2 Im? 9.78 3.0[1] -14.55[1] 20.5[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53) dE/N 9.78 3.0[1] -13.35[3] 16.2[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — KKH 12 Ir 9.78 3.0[1] -13.03 17.8[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — MB 3 dSph 9.78 3.0[1] -13.65[3] 19.8[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — MB 1 (KK98 21) SAB(s)d? 9.78 3.0[1] -14.81[3] 20.5[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — Maffei 1 S0- pec 9.78 3.0[1] -18.97[3] 11.4[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — UGCA 92 Im?[4] 9.82 3.01[24] 13[4] IC 342/Maffei Group[23]
 87 UGC 8651 (DDO 181) Im 9.82 3.01[1] 14.7[4] M94 Group
ESO274-01[25] 10.1 3.09 11.7 Centaurus A Group
 89 UGCA 292 (DDO 125) ImIV-V 10.11 3.1[1] 16.0[4] M94 Group
 90 NGC 3741 ImIII/BCD 10.21 [21] 3.13 14.3[4] M94 Group
 91 KK98 35 Irr 10.31 3.16[1] -14.30 17.2[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 63 HIPASS J1247-77 Im 10.31 3.16 [26] 17.B[4] Aligned with IC 3104
 92 NGC 2366 IB(s)m 10.40 [21] 3.19 11.43[4] M81 group
 — UGCA 133 (DDO 44) Im 10.40 [21] 3.19 15.54[4] M81 group
 — ESO321-014[25] 10.40 [25] 3.19 15.16 Centaurus A Group
 94 UGC 8833 Im 10.41 3.19[1] 16.5[4] M94 Group
 95 UGC 4483 BlueCG 10.47 [21] 3.21 15.2[4] M81 group
 88 NGC 404 SA(s)0-:[4] 10.56 3.24[11] -16.61[11] 11.21[4] 'Mirach's Ghost'
 96 UGCA 105 Im? 10.63 [21] 3.26 -16.81 13.9[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 97 IC 342 SAB(rs)cd[4] 10.70 3.28[1] -20.69[1] 9.37[1] IC 342/Maffei Group "the hidden galaxy"
 98 Cas 1 (KK98 19) dwarf Irr 10.76 3.3[1] -16.70 16.38[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — NGC 2403 SAB(s)cd HII 10.76 3.30[3] -19.29 8.93[4] M81 group
100 Camelopardalis B Irr 10.80 [21] 3.31 -11.85 16.1[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
101 UGCA 015 (DDO 6) IB(s)m 10.90 3.34[3] -12.50[3] 15.19[4] Sculptor group
 58 NGC 1569 (UGC 03056) IBm;Sbrst[4] 10.96 3.36[27] -18.17[1] 11.86[4] IC 342/Maffei Group[23]
 75 KKH 37 (Mai 16) S/Irr 11.06 3.39 [26] 16.4[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
102 Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305) Im 11.06 [21] 3.39 11.1[4] M81 group
103 NGC 5102 SA0- HII 11.09 3.40[1] -18.08.56 10.35[4] Centaurus A Group
 — NGC 5237 11.09 3.40;[25] Centaurus A Group
 — ESO325-11 11.09 3.40;[25] Centaurus A Group
104 ESO 540-030 (KDG 2) IABm 11.10 3.40[3] -11.39 16.45[4] Sculptor group
105 FM2000 1 dSph? 11.15 [21] 3.42 17.5[4] M81 group
 — ESO 540-032 IAB(s)m pec: 11.15 3.42[3] -11.32[3] 16.55[4] Sculptor group
107 NGC 1560 SA(s)d HII 11.25 3.45[1] -16.87[3] 12.16[4] IC 342/Maffei Group
 — ESO 383-087 (ISG 39) SB(s)dm 3.45[25] -15.16[1] 11.03[4] Centaurus A Group
 — NGC 5206 11.3 3.47;[25] Centaurus A Group
 — KK 179 (ESO269-37) 3.48;[25] Centaurus A Group
108 KK98 77 dwarf Sph 11.35 [21] 3.48 16.2[4] M81 group
109 DDO 71 Im 11.42 [21] 3.50 18[4] M81 group
110 M82 I0;Sbrst HII 11.51 3.53[3] -19.63[3] 9.30 [4] M81 group
111 ESO 269-66 (KK98 190) dE,N 11.55 3.54[1] -13.56 14.11[4] Centaurus A Group
112 M81 Dwarf A (KDG 52) I? 11.58 [21] 3.55 -11.49[3] 16.5[4] M81 group
113 NGC 2976 SAc pec HII 11.61 [21] 3.56 -17.1[3] 10.82[4] M81 group
 — UGC 4459 (DDO 53) Im 11.61 [21] 3.56 -13.37[3] 14.48 [4] M81 group
115 NGC 4945 SB(s)cd:sp[4] 11.70 [28] 3.59 -20.51[1] 9.3[4] Centaurus A Group
#   Galaxy Type Dist from Earth Magnitude Group
Membership		 Notes
Mly Mpc M m

See also

Book: The Nearest Galaxies
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Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2004) A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies Refinements in distance measurements could change the order presented in this list.
  2. ^ From official press release announcing discovery (University of Strasbourg) accessdate = June 2008
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode 2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/. Retrieved 2008. 
  5. ^ Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
  6. ^ a b c Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
  7. ^ a b c d e f van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
  8. ^ Irwin; Belokurov; Evans; Ryan-Weber; de Jong; Koposov; Zucker; Hodgkin et al. (2007). "Discovery of an Unusual Dwarf Galaxy in the Outskirts of the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal 656: L13–L16. arXiv:astro-ph/0701154. Bibcode 2007ApJ...656L..13I. doi:10.1086/512183. 
  9. ^ Mackey; Ferguson; Irwin; Martin; Huxor; Tanvir; Chapman; Ibata et al. (2009). "Deep Gemini/GMOS imaging of an extremely isolated globular cluster in the Local Group". arXiv:0909.1456 [astro-ph.GA]. 
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Karachentsev; Kashibadze; Makarov; Tully (2009). "The Hubble flow around the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 393 (4): 1265. arXiv:0811.4610. Bibcode 2009MNRAS.393.1265K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14300.x. 
  12. ^ a b Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 - for details see [1]
  13. ^ a b Martin; McConnachie; Mike Irwin; Widrow; Ferguson; Ibata; John Dubinski; Arif Babul et al. (2009). "PAndAS' cubs: Discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies". arXiv:0909.0399 [astro-ph.CO]. 
  14. ^ See
  15. ^ Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Speroidal satellite of M31:Photometry - for details see [2]
  16. ^ a b A Trio of New Local Group Galaxies with Extreme Properties, Alan W. McConnachie et al 2008, ApJ 688 1009-1020, http://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3988
  17. ^ Kopylov; Tikhonov; Sergey Fabrika; Igor Drozdovsky; Valeev (2008). "VV124 (UGC4879): A new transitional dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 387: L45–L49. arXiv:0803.1107. Bibcode 2008MNRAS.387L..45K. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00482.x. 
  18. ^ a b Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see [3]
  19. ^ Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
  20. ^ a b Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003)Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Karachentsev, I. D. et al.(2002)The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure
  22. ^ 4±1 Mpc in Freeman et al., 1977, A&A, 55 , 445, still considered as a reference
  23. ^ a b c d see article at
  24. ^ a b c http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/131/3/1361/205003.tb1.html
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/133/2/504
  26. ^ a b http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/131/3/1361/
  27. ^ A New Hubble Space Telescope Distance to NGC 1569: Starburst Properties and IC 342 Group Membership* Aaron J. Grocholski et al 2008 ApJ 686 L79-L82 doi: 10.1086/592949 , http://arxiv.org/abs/0808.0153
  28. ^ I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2002) New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group

References

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